In no society do women yet enjoy the same opportunities as men. They work longer hours and they are paid less, both in total and prorata. Their choices as to how they spend their time, in both work and leisure, are more constrained than they are for men. These disparities generate substantial gaps between how much women and men can contribute to society, and how much they respectively share in its benefits. In most countries, a fundamental aspect of these disparities in inequality in access to and performance in education.