1.1.A Cartographic Approach -- 1.2.A Map of Humanitarian INGO Political Ethics -- 1.3.Four Ethical Predicaments -- 1.4.Eight Extant Alternatives -- 1.5.Democratic, Egalitarian, Humanitarian, and Justice-Based Norms -- 1.6.Contributions to Existing Literatures -- 1.7.Scope of the Study, Fieldwork, and Methodology -- 1.8.Outline of the Book -- 2.Eight Extant Alternative Approaches -- 2.1.INGOs as Rescuers -- 2.2.INGOs as Partners -- 2.3.INGOs as Agents for their Donors -- 2.4.INGOs as Agents for their Intended Beneficiaries -- 2.5.Accountability -- 2.6.Traditional Humanitarian Principles -- 2.7.INGOs as Neo-Colonialists -- 2.8.INGOs as Multinational Corporations -- 2.9.Conclusion -- 3.A Map of Humanitarian INGO Political Ethics -- 3.1.Humanitarian INGOs are Sometimes Somewhat Governmental -- 3.2.Humanitarian INGOs are Highly Political -- 3.3.Humanitarian INGOs are Often Second-Best Actors -- 3.4.Moral Permissions --

3.5.Conclusion: Four Ethical Predicaments -- 4.The Problem of Spattered Hands -- 4.1.The Distinctiveness of Spattered Hands Ethical Predicaments -- 4.2.Do No Harm, Complicity, Doctrine of Double Effect, Dirty Hands -- 4.3.Spattered Hands -- 4.4.Conclusion -- 5.The Quandary of the Second-Best -- 5.1.INGO Advocacy as Non-Electoral Representation -- 5.2.INGO Advocacy as Equal Partnership -- 5.3.INGO Advocacy as the Exercise of Power -- 5.4.Conclusion -- 6.The Cost-Effectiveness Conundrum -- 6.1.INGOs' Large-Scale Decisions about Resource Use -- 6.2.The Need Principle, the Harm Minimization Principle, and the Ethics of Refusal -- 6.3.Evaluating the Need Principle, the Harm Minimization Principle, and the Ethics of Refusal -- 6.4.The Ethics of Resistance -- 6.5.Conclusion -- 7.The Moral Motivation Tradeoff -- 7.1.The Standard View and Its Limitations -- 7.2.An Alternative Approach: The Moral Motivation Tradeoff --

7.3.Strategies for Navigating the Moral Motivation Tradeoff -- 7.4.Conclusion -- 8.Conclusion: Political Political Ethics -- 8.1.Bringing the Four Maps Together -- 8.2.Implications for Donors -- 8.3.Specifying Democratic, Egalitarian, Humanitarian, and Justice-Based Norms for Humanitarian INGOs -- 8.4.Toward a Political Political Ethics.