Formulaic language research in a historical perspective: across decades and continents -- Identifying formulaic language: frequency, psychological representation, and judgement -- Categories of formulaic language; abels and characteristics -- Mental processing of formulaic language - Holistic and automatized -- Formulaic language and acquisition: first and second language -- Formulaic language and spoken language - Fluency and pragmatic competence -- Formulaic language and written language: academic discourse in focus -- Lexical bundles: corpora, frequency, and functions -- Formulaic language and language teaching: research and practice -- Current future directions in formulaic language research: gaps and pathways.